Although after spinal cord injury (SCI), endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) are activated near the damaged site, few NSCs migrate to the injury epicenter and differentiate into neurons. According to the studies, the implantation of hydrogel scaffolds loaded with biological factors can increase the function of endogenous NSCs. Recently, researchers have used the bio-printing technique to print a coaxial hydrogel structure for spinal cord injury recovery. This structure is obtained through encapsulating a dual-network hydrogel consisting of hyaluronic acid derivatives and N-cadherin modified sodium alginate (inner layer) into a temperature responsive gelatin/cellulose nanofiber hydrogel (outer layer).

ref.

Li, Yuxuan, et al. “Coaxial 3D printing of hierarchical structured hydrogel scaffolds for on-demand repair of spinal cord injury.” Acta Biomaterialia ۱۶۸ (۲۰۲۳): ۴۰۰-۴۱۵٫